What is DORA Process? How it works ?

DORA Process:

The DORA process is an acronym for Discovery, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge, which is the four-step process that a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) client and server use to obtain IP addresses and other network configuration information

Here is a brief explanation of each step of the DORA process:

Discovery:

The DHCP client sends a broadcast DHCP DISCOVER message to the network, requesting an IP address and other configuration information.

The message is broadcast to all devices on the network using the destination address of 255.255.255.255.

Here's an example of a DHCPDISCOVER packet capture:

This is an example what packet info packet contain not real packet.

Ethernet

Src: client_mac_address

Dst: ff: ff: ff:ff:ff:ff

IPv4

Src: 0.0.0.0,

Dst: 255.255.255.255

User Datagram Protocol,

Src Port: 68,

Dst Port: 67

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Discover)

Offer:

The DHCP server receives the DHCPDISCOVER message and responds with a DHCPOFFER message that includes an available IP address and other configuration information.

The message is unicast to the DHCP client using the client's MAC address as the destination.

Here's an example of a DHCPOFFER packet capture:

Ethernet

Src: server_mac_address,

Dst: client_mac_address

IPv4

Src: server_ip_address,

Dst: client_ip_address

User Datagram Protocol

Src Port: 67

Dst Port: 68

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Offer)

Request:

The DHCP client receives the DHCPOFFER message and sends a DHCPREQUEST message to request to use the offered IP address and configuration information.

The message is broadcast to all devices on the network using the destination address of 255.255.255.255.

Here's an example of a DHCPREQUEST packet capture:

Ethernet ---

Src: client_mac_address, Dst: ff: ff: ff:ff:ff:ff

IPv4 -

Src: 0.0.0.0, Dst: 255.255.255.255

User Datagram Protocol,

Src Port: 68, Dst Port: 67

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Request)

Acknowledge:

The DHCP server receives the DHCPREQUEST message and responds with a DHCPACK message that includes the lease duration for the IP address and any other configuration information.

The message is unicast to the DHCP client using the client's MAC address as the destination.

Here's an example of a DHCPACK packet capture:

Ethernet

Src: server_mac_address,

Dst: client_mac_address

IPv4

Src: server_ip_address,

Dst: client_ip_address

User Datagram Protocol

Src Port: 67, Dst Port: 68

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Ack)

After the DHCP client receives the DHCPACK message, it configures its network settings and can begin communicating on the network using the assigned IP address and other configuration information. The DHCP lease duration is the amount of time that the DHCP client can use the assigned IP address before it must request a